Corporal Punishment or Physical Chastisement - 963 Words

Corporal punishment or known as the physical chastisement of someone who has disobeyed or gone against their right to do something. At one extreme it may include the death penalty, but the term corporal punishment usually refers to punishments such as branding, flogging, and flagellation. Many things come to mind when thinking of the term corporal punishment but the first is slavery. What role did corporal punishment play in slavery? How did it affect the daily lives of the slaves? Corporal punishment was the cornerstone of slavery, but its effectiveness is debatable. The effectiveness of corporal punishment has been questioned for many years by educators and researchers. Was the suffering and trouble that not only the offender went through but the punisher worth it? Jenny Proctor is a great example that corporal punishment was not effective. Jenny Proctor was born in slavery. Her mother was a cook and she worked in the cotton fields. As a child Jenny Proctor had a unique attitude to wards life. Even though she knew she would be severely punished she still did what she wanted to do. In Proctor’s narrative she tells us of a time she was so hungry she ate a biscuit from her master’s house. â€Å" I recollects once when I was tryin’ to clean de house like old miss tell me, I finds a biscuit and I’s so hungry I et it, ’cause we nev’r see sich a thing as a biscuit only some times on Sunday morning†. (Proctor, 1) Jenny was not afraid to eat the biscuit even though she knew eventuallyShow MoreRelatedShould Child Discipline On A Physical Level?1462 Words   |  6 Pageswhy child discipline on a physical level should not only been illegal but why the country as a whole needs to ban it. As of the current point in time there are currently no laws making slapping, smacking or striking a child â€Å"illegal†. The only law that is besides that is reasonable chastisement. The meaning of reasonable chastisement is stated as â€Å"Parents have the right to make choices about reasonable punishments, but there is a fine line between reasonable chastisement (which is a defence inRead MoreThe Common Law Defence Of Reasonable Disciplinary Chastisement Essay2223 Words   |  9 PagesCriminal law assignment 1 Topic 7: Reasonable disciplinary chastisement Introduction: This assignment aims to provide a refined understanding regarding the common law defence of reasonable disciplinary chastisement (â€Å"RDC†) in South African law, in the context of a statement issued by the South African Minister of Social Development, Ms Bathabile Dlamini (â€Å"Dlamini†). Firstly, an analytical response will be given as to whether the author of this text agrees with Dlamini’s statement. Secondly, usingRead MorePurpose Of Corporal Punishment1151 Words   |  5 PagesCorporal Punishment is the intentional act of disciplining by inflicting physical pain as retribution for an offense or wrongdoing. The purpose of corporal punishment is to prevent the offense or wrongdoing from happening again by instilling or associating fear with these undesired acts. Corporal punishment may be divided into three main types: parental or domestic corporal punishment, school corporal punishment and judicial corporal punishment which closely related to prison corpo ral punishmentRead MoreIs It Illegal For A Child As A Form Of Discipline? Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscipline children, but this can be achieved through alternative punishments, rather than parents resorting to a scornful slap. The common idea in this country is that, it is okay to smack children as a form of discipline, however this brutish idea needs to change before more instances of child cruelty are brought to light. The idealistic approach to smacking in this country is that parents are entitled to resort to corporal punishment when attempting to discipline their children. Anonymous (2006)Read MorePosition Paper- Child Abuse and Discipline1181 Words   |  5 Pagesmost controversial topics currently, and they cause serious problems for children in the United States. Child abuse essentially focuses on the child’s bad behaviors and gives the child emotional and physical harms. Forms of abuse include spanking, hitting, saying negative things and corporal punishment. In fact, parental discipline is a much more appropriate way of dealing with negative behavior than using abusive actions on the child. The line between parental discipline and child abuse is not clearRead MoreEvaluation of the Statement that Hitting Children is Wrong Essays1479 Words   |  6 Pages(or otherwise) to bring in legislation to ban the physical punishment of children. The current law in place in the UK, with respect to smacking children, is known as the law of reasonable chastisement. This law permits, the use by parents of reasonable chastisement when disciplining their children. That is, a parent is permitted to hit a child as a way of enforcing discipline providing the physical punishment is within moderate to reasonable limits. ThereRead MoreEssay about 8th Amendment1153 Words   |  5 PagesThe Eighth Amendment The 8th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, as well as the setting of excessive bail or the imposition of excessive fines. However, it has also been deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States (according to the Eighth Amendment)to inflict physical damage on students in a school environment for the purpose of discipline in most circumstances. The 8th Amendment stipulates that bail shall notRead MoreEssay about The Eighth Amendment1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe 8th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, as well as the setting of excessive bail or the imposition of excessive fines. However, it has also been deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States (according to the Eighth Amendment)to inflict physical damage on students in a school environment for the purpose of discipline in most circumstances. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The 8th Amendment stipulatesRead MoreSome Theories of Child Rearing1665 Words   |  7 Pagesmeaningful. The claim that physical chastisement may be a positive means of powering or handling manners stays controversial and politically hot, mostly to those who see physical punishment as intrinsically unhelpful (Barnes 1995). Research has revealed that corporal punishment not simply doesnt discontinue the behavior it was initially aimed to stop; it creates a multitude of negative effects. These studies have associated corporal punishment to unfavorable physical, psychological and educationalRead MoreThe History of Prison Reform1631 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The History of Prison Reform Introduction The evolution of prison reform is a reflection of societys changing attitudes toward crime and punishment. Prisons have progressed from simple places for incarceration where the primary purpose is to protect the public to instruments of punishment where the loss of freedom is penalty for breaking the law, to institutions for reform dedicated to mould the guilty to conform to societys norms. Prisons were among the first public buildings erected in the

The Effects Of Water Pollution On Aquatic Environments

To What Extent Does Water Pollution Affect Aquatic Environments? It is inarguable that human activities have a major impact in the environment. According to the â€Å"Secret Life of Plants† by the contributing writer at Scientific American, Ferris Jabr, one way humans affect the environment is through the uses of pesticides. The pesticides disrupt the interaction between plants and this leaves the plants defenseless against the critters that feed upon them. When I read this, I began to think how much certain human activities, such as pollution, affects the environment as a whole. As I explored this further, I began to pinpoint the most prominent issue regarding pollution; water pollution. I decided to look at how water pollution affects aquatic environments. Water pollution is a major issue in the world because they are caused in multiple ways. According to Jonas Martonas, a master of science in environmental science, industrial factories release large amounts of greenhouse ga ses into the atmosphere, increasing temperatures, and thus leading to the rise of sea levels. This can harm the habitat of plants and animals that live in the ocean. According to Alecia Spooner, a teacher of Earth and Environmental Science at Community College, such devastating effects can affect also impact humans because they depend on these plants, animals and water sources. Overall, water pollution negatively affects aquatic environments, as it harms marine animals andShow MoreRelatedAquatic Ecology : The Science Of Ecology1555 Words   |  7 PagesAquatic ecology is the science of ecology which concentrates on the study of aquatic ecosystems. This field can be broken out into two divisions: freshwater and marine ecology. Understanding aquatic ecosystems is critical since water is the building block to the survival of all life on earth. 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Legal Risk Management for Flagg Miter †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain On Legal Risk Management for Flagg Miter? Answer: Introduction The construction industry is one of the complex industries in the world and able to involve wide risks which must be solved to achieve proper execution (National Research Council (U.S.), 2009). The Faggs Mitre 10 project has been able to experience those risks and the professional who were executing the project had to deal with the challenges and resolve them. According to Osipova Apleberger, (2007) there is no single project in the industry which does not bear risks during the execution process. The risks are able to begin from the single step when the different stakeholder come together with the decision of execution g the project. The risk management is a key element which is used to resolve these key risks which happen in the construction industry. The Faggs Mitre 10 project involves some key activities where were able to exhibit the existence of the risks. The project demolition of the different parts is a clear indication of the challenges and risks which the construction indu stry is able to exhibit during the construction phase. In addition, the risks do not only occurs during the construction phase but also the pre-construction phase which has the planning activities. In order to enhance the success of the project, different personnel have to be in charge of resolving these challenges. In the Faggs Mitre 10 project, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd is the client, P. J. OReilly Associates is the main architect and Lyons construction is the contractor in charge of the site. These key personnel are able to experience and resolve these risks in the both two phase of the project. They are responsible of identifying the risks and mitigating their effects to ensure continued progress of the work to timely completion. Generally, the increase of the risks in the construction industry has been able to raise the increased demand of the risk management in construction. The uncertainty in the construction site is one of the major element which is able to lead to the increased ri sks (Smith, Merna and Jobling, 2006). This paper will analyze the different risks which are associated with the pre-construction phase and the construction phase in the Faggs Mitre 10 project. The paper will also look at the different ways which the personnel in this project have been able to work out in order to resolve these risks. Pre-construction phase risks Design changes risks The design changes before the construction of the project is one of the key risks which the projects such as Faggs Mitre 10 project is able to experience during the pre-construction phase. The client, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd may decide to alter the designs in order to suit the different purpose. The aesthetics at different levels may force Fagg Bros Pty Ltd to change the design and ensure that they are appealing (Wu, 2011). The changes mean that the different parties will be able to get back to the drawing board and update the different changes (Bunni, 2011). This means that the architect, P. J. OReilly Associate is able to enhance the drawings. The risks are able to change the progress of the planning activities on the pre-construction phase. In addition, Fagg, Bros Pty Ltd and P. J. O'Reilly Associates are able to cooperate in order to bring out the risk and enhance the project planning (Zou, Sunindijo, 2015). A planning meeting will therefore be called between Fagg Bros Pty Ltd and P . J. O'Reilly Associates in order to bring on board the new designs in to effect. The client will be able to address P. J. O'Reilly Associates on the new changes and what need to in cooperate in the designs. The Faggs Mitre 10 is a project which did change to large warehouse and this means that the designs were able to change according to the Fagg Bros Pty Ltd requirements. Improper communication risk Another key risk which project is able to experience during the pre-construction phase is the lack of proper communication. This can lead to the update of wrong information for the different parties during the planning stages. This can be able to stall the projects for long before they are able to kick off (Zou, Sunindijo, 2015). Different stakeholders who are involved in the pre-construction phase may be reluctant to share the information they have and therefore lead to high risk of delaying the commencement of the project (Burtonshaw-Gunn, 2017). One of the key individual who may hold important information which may stall the planning of this project s P. J. O'Reilly Associates. The architect, P. J. O'Reilly Associates has the key information, which has to be used in the planning, and therefore holding information use to different problems may stall the pre-construction phase. The client, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd is the main personnel who can be there in order to resolve this risk. Sin ce Fagg Bros Pty Ltd is able to hire all these personell, he can therefore be able to resolve the risk. The client can therefore be able to represent the different information concerning the held information and authorize the resolution of the problem (Canada Mortgage And Housing Corporation, Marsh (FIRM), 2005). Dialogue between the different parties with the client overseeing the process and facilitating the release of the information will be able to resolve the risk. Design variation risk In addition, another key risk at this phase is the design variation on what need to be done and the materials to be used which the client usually does (Edwards, 2009). Fagg Bros Pty Ltd can change the different aspects and require the in cooperation of the instruction in the drawing at different times during the pre-construction phase. These changes can be critical in affecting the progress of the construction and planning (Ludhra, 2015). For instance, the client may require some extension of the building in order to accommodate more facilities. Nevertheless, the boundaries of the Feggs Mitre 10 project may be challenging due to the existing amenities such as the road network. This means that the different instruction for changes have to be considered from the professional point of view and their effects without agreeing to in cooperate them. P. J. O'Reilly Associates will be the key professional to enhance the solving of such risks and explaining their effects to Fagg bros Pty Ltd. P. J. O'Reilly Associates has to look at the different variations and the way they will be able to affect the different aspects of the building and the construction industry. In addition, P. J. O'Reilly Associates has to look from the legal perspective the effects of any in cooperation of the variation and the way they affect others (Canada Mortgage And Housing Corporation, Marsh (Firm), 2005). Dialogue and meeting between Fagg Bros Pty Ltd and P. J. O'Reilly Associates will be the best dispute resolution means to be used in order to resolve the risk. Construction phase risks Economic variation risk The construction phase is the key phase, which has a lot of activities in the construction industry. The phase is able to carry more risks due to the in cooperation of many stakeholders and different activities. Economic factors are able to change within the progress of the construction phase (Smith, Merna Jobling, 2014). The construction phase in many cases is able to run for year in which changes in economic factors happen. During this time, the estimated cost of the project will be able to change according to the available changes. In order to in cooperate these variation, the cost of the Faggs Mitre 10 redevelopment project is given an range of between $5 million and $10 million. The cost variation is able to affect the contractor highly. This means for this project, Lyons construction will be able to be affected by the changes in the economic condition. Therefore in the tendering process, Lyons construction should be able to estimate these variation and therefore in cooperate t hem in the tender sum. Therefore, Lyons construction will be the best party to resolve this risk and enhance the construction process. In addition, if Lyons construction was unable to include these variations on the initial stages, he will be able to contact the client, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd concerning the increase and request for the valuation and financing of the additional cost. Dialogue with the different parties can therefore be the best dispute resolution measure which can be used to resolve the risk. Available amenities hindrance risk Moreover, another key risk in the construction phase is the hindrance from the available amenities to enhance the construction (Hughes Ferrett, 2016). The Faggs Mitre 10 project is located where other amenities are available. The road and the car park are key areas which the construction of the project should not interfere with during the construction phase. This means the construction site may be stopped whenever it is found to interfere with some of these social amenities. The progress of the construction must make sure that these amenities are operational. Due to the close proximity, the execution of the project may be a challenge and this risk must be resolved while these facilities are operating efficiently. In relation to this risk, P. J. O'Reilly Associates is the best party to help resolve this problem. The P. J. O'Reilly Associates can help to come up with the best option which can ensure that this project is executed without the interference of their operation. In additi on, the client Fagg Bros Pty Ltd will be able to hold meeting with P. J. O'Reilly Associates to look at the way forward and ensure that the construction of this project does not interfere with the amenities operation. Project completion delay risk Another key risk which is found on the construction stage is the delay in the completion of the project. The delay in the completion of this phase maybe cause by different factors including the delay on payment by the client (Winch, 2010). The client must be able to honor the payment at different stages to ensure that Lyons construction continues with the execution of the works. If the delay on payment occurs P. J. O'Reilly Associates may act as an intermediary to ensure the Fagg Bros Pty Ltd is able to pay up and ensure continued execution of the project. Moreover, the best way to resolve the delays in execution is through holding meeting between P. J. O'Reilly Associates, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd and Lyons construction in order to reschedule. This will depend on the different factors which has been able to affect the execution. Conclusion In conclusion, the different risks are able to interfere with the proper execution of construction projects. Fagg Bros Pty Ltd, P. J. O'Reilly Associates and Lyons construction are the key parties who are able to resolve these risks at the pre-construction and construction phases of the construction industry. Resolving these risks is able to give a go ahead to ensure that the Faggs Mitre 10 project is executed well and up to standards. References BUNNI, N. G. (2011). Risk and insurance in construction. London, Spon Press. BURTONSHAW-GUNN, S. A. (2017). Risk and Financial Management in Construction. https://lib.myilibrary.com?id=997116. CANADA MORTGAGE AND HOUSING CORPORATION, MARSH (FIRM). (2005). Variability in construction insurance and alternative insurance solutions. [Ottawa, Ont.], Canada Mortgage and Housing Corp. https://www.deslibris.ca/ID/250380. EDWARDS, L. (2009). Practical risk management in the construction industry. London, Thomas Telford Ltd. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (U.S.). (2009). Construction research at NIOSH: reviews of research programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3378465. OSIPOVA, E. APLEBERGER, L. (2007), Risk management in different forms of contract and collaboration - case of Sweden. CIB World Building Congress 2007. 14-18 May 2007, Cape Town SMITH, N. J., MERNA, T., JOBLING, P. (2014). Managing risk in construction projects. Smith, N.J., Merna, T. And Jobling, P. (2006): Managing risk in construction projects. Blackwell, Oxford. THIENEN, G. V. (2007). Hazards, risks and preventive measures in the construction industry. Amsterdam, Arbouw. WINCH, G.M. (2010): Managing Construction Projects. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester. WU, D. D. (2011). Modeling risk management in sustainable construction. Berlin, Springer. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=646508. ZOU, P., SUNINDIJO, R. Y. (2015). Strategic safety management in construction and engineering. https://site.ebrary.com/id/11041428.